Laser-induced retinal injury in children: a public health risk

Linton E, Walkden A, Steeples L, et al. Retinal burns from laser pointers: a risk in children with behavioural problems. Eye 2018;33(3):492-504. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-018-0276-z

Zhang L, Zheng A, Nie H, et al. Laser-induced photic injury phenocopies macular dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2016;37(1):59-67. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3109/13816810.2015.1059458

Houston S. Aircrew exposure to handheld laser pointers: the potential for retinal damage. Aviat Space Environ Med 2011;82:921–922. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3357/asem.3070.2011

Turaka K, Bryan JS, Gordon AJ, et al. Laser pointer induced macular damage: case report and mini review. Int Ophthal 2012;32(3):293-297. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-012-9555-z

Abdelkader E. Accidental macular injury with class IVb laser outside the medical settings. Saudi J Ophthalmol2016;30(4):253-256. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjopt.2016.10.004

Barkana Y, Belkin M. Laser eye injuries. Surv Ophthalmol 2000;44(6):459–478. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00112-0

Public Health England. Laser radiation: safety advice. 2021. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/laser-radiation-safety-advice/laser-radiation-safety-advice#laser-pointers-or-laser-pens (accessed on 17th February 2022)

Hadler J, Tobares E, Dowell M. Random testing reveals excessive power in commercial laser pointers. J Laser Applications. 2013;(25):032007. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2351/1.4798455

Birtel J, Harmening W, Krohne T, et al. Retinal injury following laser pointer exposure. Dtsch Arzteb Int. 2017;114(49):831-837. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2017.0831

Mainster MA, Stuck BE, Brown J. Assessment of alleged retinal laser injuries. Arch Ophthal 2004;122(8):1210–1217. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.122.8.1210

Robertson DM, Lim TH, Salomao DR, et al. Laser pointers and the human eye: a clinicopathologic study. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118(12):1686-1691. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.118.12.1686

Sliney DH, Dennis JE. Safety concerns about laser pointers. J Laser Appl 1994;(6):159-164. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2351/1.4745352

Marshall J. The safety of laser pointers: myths and realities. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82(11):1335–1338. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.82.11.1335

Raoof N, Chan TK, Rogers NK, et al. Toy laser macular burns in children. Eye 2014;28(2):231-234. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2013.315

Al-Sulaiman SM, Al-Rushood AA, Al-Masaud J, et al. High-power handheld blue laser-induced maculopathy: the results of the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital Collaborative Retina Study Group. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(2):566–572. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.09.006