Keywords
Nasal defect
Nasal reconstruction
Abstract
The forehead flap has been used to reconstruct nasal defects for many centuries. It can be used to correct nasal deformities, repair defects following removal of skin cancers and also to treat traumatic injuries of the nose. The flap can be traced back to the times of Sushruta, known by many as the Father of Indian Medicine. Many years ago, removal of the nose was punishment for a host of different crimes, including infidelity. Thus, a repair that addressed both functional and aesthetic needs of the individual was required. This article will explore the technique, history and adaptability of the paramedian forehead flap which is a procedure performed in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) departments across the United Kingdom.
References
Correa BJ, Weathers WM, Wolfswinkel EM, Thornton JF. The forehead flap: the gold standard of nasal soft tissue reconstruction. Semin Plast Surg 2013;27(2):96-103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1351231
Tilt A, Malphrus E, Hannan C, Patrick L. Paramedian forehead flap for reconstruction of nasal tip defect. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2020;8(4):e2713. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000002713
Shokri T, Kadakia S, Saman M, et al. The paramedian forehead flap for nasal reconstruction: from antiquity to present. J Craniofac Surg 2019;30(2):330-333. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000004976
Yalamanchili H, Sclafani AP, Schaefer SD, Presti P. The path of nasal reconstruction: from Ancient India to the present. Facial Plas Surg 2008;24(1):003-010. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021457.
Nawas JA. A history of Muslim Sicily. Al-Masāq. 2014;26(2):228-229. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2014.915122
Boyd CM, Baker SR, Fader DJ, Wang TS, Johnson TM. The forehead flap for nasal reconstruction. Arch Dermatol. 2000;136(11):1365-70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.11.1365
Menick FJ. Aesthetic refinements in use of forehead for nasal reconstruction: the paramedian forehead flap. Clin Plast Surg 1990;17(4):607–622.
Chen C, Most S, Branham G, Spataro E. Postoperative complications of paramedian forehead flap reconstruction. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2019;21(4):298-304. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2018.1855
Lazzeri D, Agostini T, Figus M, et al. The contribution of Aulus Cornelius Celsus (25 B.C.–50 A.D.) to eyelid surgery. Orbit. 2012;31(3):162-167. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3109/01676830.2011.648816
Correa B, Weathers W, Wolfswinkel E, Thornton J. The forehead flap: the gold standard of nasal soft tissue reconstruction. Seminars in Plastic Surgery. 2013;27(02):096-103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1351231