Abstract
The early years of the NHS have been characterised as ‘provider capture’ by opponents, with services organised around professional interests rather than patients. This analysis, whilst flawed, has influenced subsequent attempts by politicians to manage medicine. Such an analysis when applied locally illuminates the diffuse and ethereal influence wielded by doctors in the realisation of services. Drawing on archival and published sources relating to the Lancaster Medical Book Club, this paper contextualises how competing professional, educational and social purposes of medical association influenced local leadership in the early years of the NHS from the 1940s to the 1960s.
References
Le Grand J. Agency, and public policy: Of knights and knaves, pawns and queens. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006
Greer SL, Jarman H, Azorsky A. A reorganisation you can see from space: The architecture of power in the new NHS. London: Centre for Health and the Public Interest; 2014
Webster C. The health services since the war, volume I: Problems of health care. The National Health Service before 1957. London: HMSO; 1988
Weber E. Peasants into Frenchmen: The modernization of rural France, 1870-1914. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; 1976
Higton B. The Lancaster Medical Book Club. Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 1997;2(10):363-364. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v2i10.1065
McMenemey WH. Education and the Medical Reform Movement. In Poynter FNL (ed.) The evolution of medical practice in Great Britain. London: Putman Medical; 1963:135-154
Wessels Q, Correia JC, Taylor AM. Medicine and the evolving medical market. In: Wessels Q (ed.) The medical pioneers of nineteenth century Lancaster. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars; 2016:37-60
Bonner TN. Becoming a physician: Medical education in Britain, France, Germany and the United States, 1750-1945. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1995
Pickering G. Quest for excellence in medical education: A personal survey. London: Oxford University Press for Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust; 1978
Eckstein H. Pressure group politics: The case of the British Medical Association. London: Allen & Unwin; 1960
Honigsbaum F. Health, happiness and security: The creation of the National Health Service. London: Routledge; 1989
Shaw AB. The oldest medical societies in Great Britain. Med Hist 1968;12(3):232-244. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300013272
Jenkinson J. The role of medical societies in the rise of the Scottish medical profession. Soc Hist Med 1991;4(2):253-275. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/4.2.253
Bishop WJ. Medical book societies in England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 1957;45(3):337-350
McMenemey WH. The influence of medical societies on the development of medical practice in nineteenth century Britain. In Poynter FNL (ed.) The evolution of medical practice in Great Britain. London: Putman Medical; 1963:67-79
Cumbria Archive Service Carlisle. Westmorland County Public Health Department; Hospital Services in South Westmorland, 1967-68. WC/H/A1816/Box 5/3
Lancashire Archives. Lancaster Moor Hospital Management Committee, Special Planning Subcommittee Minutes, 1961
Webster C. The health services since the war, volume II: Government and health care. The National Health Service, 1958-1979. London: HMSO; 1996
Butler JR, Bevan JM, Taylor RC. Family doctors and public policy: A study of manpower distribution. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; 1973
Lancashire Archives. Lancaster Medical Book Club, Minute Book, 1947-1964. DDX 2192/Acc. 8472/Box 1
Lambert M. Problems of practising public health in Westmorland: John A. Guy as County Medical Officer, 1946-70. Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 2022;9(1):14-17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v9i1.1360
Lambert M. Medical education, workforce inequalities, and hierarchical regionalism: The University of Lancaster and the unrealised medical school, 1964-68. Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 2022;8(12):342-345. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v8i12.1345
National Archives. Royal Commission on Medical Education (Todd Commission); written and oral evidence: BMA North Lancashire and Westmorland Branch, 1967. ED 129/197
McIntyre N. How British women became doctors: The story of the Royal Free Hospital and its Medical School. London: Wenrowave Press; 2014.
British Medical Journal: Obituary: Kathleen E. Thompson. British Medical Journal 1985;290(6461):82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.290.6461.81
Lambert M. Lancashire and South Cumbria New Hospitals Programme: Once in a generation or generation gap? Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 2021;8(10):284-287. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v8i10.1313
Goodbody F. Liverpool’s Medical Community 1930-1998: Social, knowledge and business networks. [PhD Thesis]. Liverpool: University of Liverpool; 2020
University of Manchester Archives. Manchester Paediatric Club, Minutes of the Executive Committee, 1948-80. MPC/2/1
Todd AR. Royal Commission on Medical Education, 1965-68: Report. London: HMSO; 1968
Heaman E. St Mary’s: The history of a London teaching hospital. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press; 2003
Klein R. The new politics of the NHS: From creation to reinvention. 6th ed. London: CRC Press; 2013
Rivett G. From cradle to grave: 50 years of the NHS. London: King’s Fund; 1998
Booth C. Friends and influence: The history of the “42 Club”. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1993;27(2):187-19.
Glynn A, Glynn M. Obituary: Ada Glynn. British Medical Journal 2005;331(7522): 969. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7522.969-a
Watts-Tobin MA. Stanley Smith at the Moor Hospital. Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 2011;6(5):137-138. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v6i5.501
Forsyth G. Doctors and state medicine: A study of the British Health Service. 2nd ed. London: Pitman Medical; 1973
Honigsbaum F. The division in British medicine: A history of the separation of general practice from hospital care, 1911-1968. London: Kogan Page; 1979
Forsyth G, Logan RFL. Gateway or dividing line? A study of hospital out-patients in the 1960s. London: Oxford University Press for Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust; 1968
Forsyth G, Logan RFL. The demand for medical care: A study of the case-load in the Barrow and Furness Group of Hospitals. London: Oxford University Press for Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust; 1960
Weisz, G. Divide and conquer: A comparative history of medical specialization. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006
Chester TE. Hospitals and the state. Hospital organisation and administration under the National Health Service – 2: The impact of the change. London: Acton Society Trust; 1956
Ractliffe DS. The evolution of medical societies in Britain – have they a future? Bristol Med Chir J, 1979;94(1-2):3-10, 13-14
Timmins N. The chief executive’s tale: Views from the front line of the NHS. London: King’s Fund; 2016
Jones L. Sedimented governance in the English National Health Service. In: Bevir M, Waring J. (eds.) Decentring health policy: Learning from British experiences in healthcare governance. London: Routledge; 2018: 17-33